A
tulou is usually a large, enclosed and fortified earth building, most commonly circular
in configuration, with very thick load-bearing rammed earth walls between three
and five stories high and housing up to 80 families. Smaller interior buildings
are often enclosed by these huge peripheral walls which can contain halls,
storehouses, wells and living areas, the whole structure resembling a small
fortified city.
The
fortified outer structures are formed by compacting earth, mixed with stone,
bamboo, wood and other readily available materials, to form walls up to 6 feet
(1.8 m) thick. Branches, strips of wood and bamboo chips are often laid in the
wall as additional reinforcement. The result is a well-lit, well-ventilated,
windproof and earthquake-proof building that is warm in winter and cool in summer.
Tulous usually have only one main gate, guarded by 4–5-inch-thick (100–130 mm)
wooden doors reinforced with an outer shell of iron plate. The top level of
these earth buildings has gun holes for defensive purposes.
Unlike
other housing types around the world with architecture reflecting social
hierarchy, Fujian Tulou exhibits its unique characteristic as a model of
community housing for equals. All rooms were built the same size with the same
grade of material, same exterior decoration, same style of windows and doors,
and there was no "penthouse" for "higher echelons"; a small
family owned a vertical set from ground floor to "penthouse" floor,
while a larger family would own two or three vertical sets.
Tulous
were usually occupied by one large family clan of several generations; some
larger tulou had more than one family clan. Besides the building itself, many
facilities such as water wells, ceremonial hall, bathrooms, wash rooms, and
weaponry were shared property. Even the surrounding land and farmland, fruit
trees etc. were shared. The residents of tulou farmed communally.
This
postcard is captioned “Habitants return from work 收工回家的土楼民”
and was sent by晓静 (23 July 2014) Direct Swap Postcrossing.
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